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Learn the Arabic alphabet, one letter at a time

Discover all 28 letters in order, their names and how their shapes change according to their position in a word. Select a letter to begin.

28 letters to discover

The 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet

Tap or click a letter to see its name, contextual forms and joining rules.

ا

Letter no. 1

Letter name

Alif

أَلِف

The letter changes shape according to its position

This letter joins the letter before it but never the one after it, so some joined forms do not exist.

Alone

ﺍ

Beginning

No joined form

Middle

No joined form

End

ﺎ

The letter sound with short vowels

Add a haraka to produce a short a, i or u sound.

Fatha · a

أَ

a

Kasra · i

إِ

i

Damma · u

أُ

u

Alif is the letter’s name. With a haraka, only its short sound is pronounced.

Can this letter connect to the next one?

No, the connection stops

Letter alone

ا

Before Bāʾ

اب

The letter does not join the Bāʾ placed after it, so a visible gap remains between the two shapes.

Looking for a kid-friendly version?

A more visual, interactive page you can hand straight to your child to discover and listen to the letters through play.

Arabic alphabet for kids

Arabic alphabet tools

Explore the alphabet with dedicated tools: practise, or connect the letters to build words.

Learn step by step

New

A guided path to discover, hear, write and test the 28 letters, one lesson at a time.

Start the path

Interactive exercises

Recognize letters, listen to sounds, review forms and harakat. Session score and mistake review included.

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Connect the letters

Pick letters and watch how they connect to build a word.

Connect the letters

Learn to write

Trace the letters with your finger, a stylus or the mouse, with three levels of guidance.

Learn to write

Printable resources

Posters, sheets, flashcards, cards and exercises to print for free.

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PDF downloads

Download ready-to-print PDFs or generate your own sheets.

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Color the Arabic letters

Color the letters online, hear them, print sheets and packs.

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Frequently asked questions about the Arabic alphabet

How many letters are in the Arabic alphabet?
The Arabic alphabet has 28 letters. They are written and read from right to left.
In which direction is Arabic written?
Arabic is written from right to left. Words, letters and sentences all follow this direction.
Why do Arabic letters change shape?
Each letter takes a different form depending on its position in the word: isolated, initial, medial or final. This is what lets them join together.
Which Arabic letters do not join the next letter?
Six letters never connect to the following one: ا (alif), د (dal), ذ (dhal), ر (ra), ز (zay) and و (waw). The next letter therefore starts again in its initial or isolated form.